Well... you seem to have span for nothing, a ton of whitespace for nothing, you aren't using auto-centering to center things ... yeah, there's your problem.
you are using spaces to push things in (though I can't find the white-space:pre that would make that work) instead of having the TD center their content automatically.
Generally speaking, your table structure is flawed and filled with outdated stuff; hardly a shock with Joomla involved, but really your first step should be to gut that down to:
<table class="nameThisTable">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Наименование в соответствии с учредительными документами</td>
<td>ООО "КОТКОВСКИЙ"</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Юридический* и фактический адрес</td>
<td>142110, МО, г. Подольск, ул. Маштакова, д. 3А, кв. 9</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Телефон</td>
<td>8 (4967) 63 55 34</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ОГРН</td>
<td>1145074001192</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>ИНН</td>
<td>5036137061</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>КПП</td>
<td>503601001</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Р/с в ВТБ 24 (ЗАО), 101000, г. Москва, ул. Мясницкая, д. 35</td>
<td>40702810600000086628</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>К/с в ОПЕРУ Московского ГТУ Банка России</td>
<td>30101810100000000716</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>БИК</td>
<td>044525716</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Коды ОКВЭД</td>
<td>80.42 (основной); 93.05; 52.61.2;* 72.20;* 72.40;* 72.60</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Директор</td>
<td>Котковский Григорий</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Then you just need some CSS to make it work.
.nameThisTable {
width:100%;
border-collapse:collapse;
border:2px solid #000;
}
.nameThisTable td {
text-align:left;
padding:0.2em 0.5em;
color:#000;
border:1px solid #000;
}
.nameThisTable td+td {
text-align:center;
}
Naturally you'd want to rename "nameThisTable" to something that actually describes the table. I'd set it to 100% width so it can auto-scale up and down to the available space of it's parent -- since fixed width design is inaccessible rubbish.
That's what you SHOULD have -- good luck convincing Joomla of that.